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face="Times New Roman Star"*Kar/gan-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"to earn wages by labour, to gain profits by trade, to strive for successface="Times New Roman Star"ïðèîáðåòàòü, õðàíèòü, âûèãðûâàòüface="Times New Roman Star"qazg|an- (Orkh., Yeniss., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qazg|an- (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"kazan-face="Times New Roman Star"qazan-face="Times New Roman Star"qazan- (Sangl., Houts., Ettuhf., IM, Pav. C., MA), Kypch. qazan- (CCum.)
face="Times New Roman Star"qazan-
face="Times New Roman Star"Gazan-face="Times New Roman Star"Gazan-



face="Times New Roman Star"xúrg|ún 'ñêóïåö, ñêðÿãà, ñêàðåä'face="Times New Roman Star"xaha:n-




face="Times New Roman Star"qazan-face="Times New Roman Star"qazan-
face="Times New Roman Star"qazan-


face="Times New Roman Star"qazan-face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 188-189.
face="Times New Roman Star"*K[a]r/gukface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"pole, pegface="Times New Roman Star"ïàëêà, êîëûøåêface="Times New Roman Star"qazg|uq (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qazn|uq (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kazykface="Times New Roman Star"qazyqface="Times New Roman Star"qazuq (Áîð. Áàä., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|ziqface="Times New Roman Star"qozuqface="Times New Roman Star"quzuqface="Times New Roman Star"gazyx (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"GazyG

face="Times New Roman Star"qazyq
face="Times New Roman Star"*karuH > Hung. karo/ (see Gombocz 1912, MNyTESz 2, 387).




face="Times New Roman Star"qazyqface="Times New Roman Star"qazyqface="Times New Roman Star"qad|a- 'to stick into', qad|aq, qad|yq 'nail'face="Times New Roman Star"qazyqface="Times New Roman Star"qazyqface="Times New Roman Star"qazyqface="Times New Roman Star"qazyq
face="Times New Roman Star"qazyqface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 682 (derivation from *Kar/- 'dig' is highly dubious, although the vocalism could have been influenced by the verbal root), VEWT 243, ÝÑÒß 5, 190-191. Because of its consonant the Bashk. form belongs rather here than to PT *Ka:ta- (v. sub *ka:/jta).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyd-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 edge, border, seashore, frontier 2 margin, edgingface="Times New Roman Star"1 êðàé, ãðàíèöà, áåðåã 2 îïóøêà, êàéìàface="Times New Roman Star"qydyg| (OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyd|yg| (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"kyjy, kyj 1



face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyg| 1


face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyg| 2face="Times New Roman Star"quju 1
face="Times New Roman Star"x@r@ 1face="Times New Roman Star"kyty: 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qydyg| 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qyju: 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyw 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyjuw 2



face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyw 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyw 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 598, VEWT 261, Ëåêñèêà 94, ÝÑÒß 6, 196-197, 203. The root is also attested in verbal function (*Kydy- 'to border, hem'), see ÝÑÒß 6, 196.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:jnface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 punishment, fine, guilt 2 to punish 3 cruelty, tyranny 4 to condemn 5 hard, difficult 6 to torture 7 insult, offence 8 to offend 9 harm, torture 10 sin 11 to annoy, anger 12 to beatface="Times New Roman Star"1 íàêàçàíèå, øòðàô, âèíà 2 íàêàçûâàòü 3 æåñòîêîñòü, òèðàíèÿ 4 îñóæäàòü, ïîðèöàòü 5 òðóäíûé, òÿæåëûé 6 ìó÷èòü 7 îáèäà 8 îáèæàòü 9 áåäà, ìó÷åíèå 10 ãðåõ 11 ñåðäèòü, ðàçäðàæàòü 12 áèòüface="Times New Roman Star"qyjnyg| (acc.) (Orkh.), qyjn, qyn (OUygh.) 1, qyna- 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyn, qyjyn (KB) 1, qyna- 2 (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"kyjyn, kyjync? 3, kyna- 4face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 5, qyjyna- 'to make difficult, hard'face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn (Abush., Áîð. Áàä., MA), qyn (Pav. C.), qyna- 2 (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"qijin 5, qijna- 6face="Times New Roman Star"qijin 5, qijna- 6face="Times New Roman Star"qyn 1face="Times New Roman Star"Gyna- 4face="Times New Roman Star"qy:n 5, qy:na- 'to make difficult, torture'face="Times New Roman Star"xyjyx 7, xyjal 9face="Times New Roman Star"qyjal 9, 10, qyjyq-ta- 8, qyjnag| 9 (*qyn/-lag|)face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn, qyjna- 6, qyjal 10, dial. (Áàñê. Òóáà) qyj- 6
face="Times New Roman Star"x@n 1face="Times New Roman Star"ky:nn/a:-, kyjaxa:- 11, kyj- 'to pain, ache'face="Times New Roman Star"kyjn|a- 11, kyj- 'to kill'face="Times New Roman Star"xyjna- 6
face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjyt- 'to make difficult, troublesome', qyjna- 6face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 6, qynz?-yl- 'to be distressed'face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 6face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 12face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 12
face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn, qejin 1, qyjna- 6face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 6
face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 6face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 264. EDT 631, ÝÑÒß 6, 218-219, Stachowski 168. Turk. *Ky:jna- > MMong. qina- 'to torture' (Ùåðáàê 1997, 165). Nasalless forms (like Yak. kyjaxa:- etc.) may result from a reanalysis of the form *Ky:jn as *Kyjyn, interpreted as a deverbative noun. Turk. > Hung. ki/n 'torture, suffering' (Gombocz 1912).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyl-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"to do, to makeface="Times New Roman Star"äåëàòüface="Times New Roman Star"qyl- (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kyl-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- (Pav. C., MA)face="Times New Roman Star"qil-face="Times New Roman Star"qil-
face="Times New Roman Star"Gyl-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-face="Times New Roman Star"xyl-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-
face="Times New Roman Star"@s/-x@l 'äåëà/'face="Times New Roman Star"kyn-face="Times New Roman Star"gyn-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-
face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-
face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-
face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 616, VEWT 263, ÝÑÒß 6, 205-206, Stachowski 88. Turk. *kyl-ync? 'deed' > Mong. kilinc?e 'sin' (see Clark 1980, 43).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyl(k)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"hairface="Times New Roman Star"âîëîñface="Times New Roman Star"qyl (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyl (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"kylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qyl (IM)face="Times New Roman Star"qilface="Times New Roman Star"qilface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"Gylface="Times New Roman Star"Gylface="Times New Roman Star"xylface="Times New Roman Star"qyl (R.)face="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"x@l@xface="Times New Roman Star"kylface="Times New Roman Star"kyl 'sealine'face="Times New Roman Star"xylface="Times New Roman Star"xylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qyl
face="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 262, TMN 3, 574-5, EDT 614, Ëåêñèêà 196, ÝÑÒß 6, 204-205, Stachowski 168.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyly:c?face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"swordface="Times New Roman Star"ìå÷face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kylyc?, kylyz?|face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc?face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"qilic?face="Times New Roman Star"qilic?face="Times New Roman Star"qylys?face="Times New Roman Star"Gylyz?|face="Times New Roman Star"Gylyc?face="Times New Roman Star"xylysface="Times New Roman Star"qylys?face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc?face="Times New Roman Star"Gyli:c?face="Times New Roman Star"x@s/face="Times New Roman Star"kylys, kyly:s
face="Times New Roman Star"xylys?
face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc?face="Times New Roman Star"qylys?face="Times New Roman Star"qylys?face="Times New Roman Star"qylysface="Times New Roman Star"qylyc?face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc?face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc?face="Times New Roman Star"qylys?
face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc?face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 618, VEWT 263, Ëåêñèêà 570, ÝÑÒß 6, 212-214. Cf. also *Kyla-gu 'blade' (VEWT 263, ÝÑÒß 6, 207-208).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyn-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 to long for, covet, to be obsessed with 2 to long (sexually) 3 coireface="Times New Roman Star"1 æåëàòü, ñòðåìèòüñÿ 2 æåëàòü (ñåêñóàëüíî) 3 coireface="Times New Roman Star"qyn- 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyn- 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kyn- 1, 2






face="Times New Roman Star"xyn-, xynyx- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyn- 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyn-, qynyq- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"xúnúx- 1face="Times New Roman Star"kyn- 3


face="Times New Roman Star"qynyq- 1








face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 264, EDT 632, ÝÑÒß 6, 632.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyn|-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"bent, obliqueface="Times New Roman Star"ñîãíóòûé, êîñîéface="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|g|yrface="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr (Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"qin|g|irface="Times New Roman Star"qin|i(r)

face="Times New Roman Star"Gyn|yr




face="Times New Roman Star"kyn|nar 'êðèâî, êîñî'


face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yrface="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr
face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr
face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|g|yrface="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr
face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yrface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 264-265, EDT 639, ÝÑÒß 6, 220-221. OT qyn|raq 'curved dagger' > WMong. kig|ira, kin|gara (Kalm. ki:r@, Khalkha x/an|gar).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyr-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 hoar-frost 2 thin snowface="Times New Roman Star"1 èíåé 2 òîíêèé ñíåãface="Times New Roman Star"qyrag|u 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyrag|u 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kyrag|u 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1, qyrpaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw (Áîð. Áàä., Abush.), qirau, qirag|u (Pav. C.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"qiro|w 1face="Times New Roman Star"qija, qira, qiro 1
face="Times New Roman Star"Gyrow 1face="Times New Roman Star"Gyraw 1, Gyrpaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"xro 1, xyrbyx 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyra: 1face="Times New Roman Star"quru 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1face="Times New Roman Star"x@rb@x 2face="Times New Roman Star"kyrya 1, ky:rpax, kyrpaj 2face="Times New Roman Star"kyrya 1face="Times New Roman Star"xyra: 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qyro: 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1, qyrpaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1, qyrpaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1, qyrpaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qrau 1, qyrpaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qra: 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw, qoruw 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1, qyrpaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 265-266, 267, EDT 656, ÝÑÒß 6, 230-231, 241, Stachowski 169. Turk. > MMong. (HY) kira'u, WMong. kirag|u, Khalkha x/aru: 'hoar-frost' etc. (see Doerfer TMN 3, 569, Ùåðáàê 1997, 138, Clark 1977, 147, although the latter's derivation of *kyragu < *kyr 'grey' is hardly acceptable). Cf. also PT *Kyr-lac? 'the coldest time of winter' (see ÝÑÒß 6, 237-238).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyrkface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"fortyface="Times New Roman Star"ñîðîêface="Times New Roman Star"qyrq (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kyrkface="Times New Roman Star"qyryqface="Times New Roman Star"qyrq (AH, Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"qirqface="Times New Roman Star"qi(r)q
face="Times New Roman Star"Gyrxface="Times New Roman Star"qyrqface="Times New Roman Star"xyryxface="Times New Roman Star"qyryqface="Times New Roman Star"qyrq, qyryqface="Times New Roman Star"qyrqface="Times New Roman Star"x@r@x



face="Times New Roman Star"qyrqface="Times New Roman Star"qyryqface="Times New Roman Star"qyrqface="Times New Roman Star"qyrqface="Times New Roman Star"qyrqface="Times New Roman Star"qyrq
face="Times New Roman Star"qyrqface="Times New Roman Star"qyrx, qyryxface="Times New Roman Star"qyrqface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 651, VEWT 266, Ëåêñèêà 573, ÝÑÒß 6, 235-236.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyrk-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"to shear, scrapeface="Times New Roman Star"ñòðè÷ü, ñêðåñòèface="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kyrk-face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq-face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- (AH, Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"qirq-face="Times New Roman Star"qi(r)q-face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq-face="Times New Roman Star"Gyrx-face="Times New Roman Star"Gyrq-face="Times New Roman Star"xyryx-
face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq-, qyrqy-face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq-
face="Times New Roman Star"kyrt-
face="Times New Roman Star"qyrg|y-
face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq-face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq-face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq-face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq-
face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq-face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq-face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq-
face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 651, VEWT 266, ÝÑÒß 6, 236-237.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyrtyl/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 surface 2 bark, upper layerface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîâåðõíîñòü 2 êîðà, âåðõíèé ñëîéface="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kyrtys? (dial.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? (Houts.) 2






face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 1



face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 2


face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 267, EDT 649, Ëåêñèêà 391-392, ÝÑÒß 6, 241-242. Cf. also forms reflecting *Kyryl/: Yak. kyrys 'thin layer under skin', Tur. kyrys? 'wrinkled', Az. Gyrys? 'wrinkle' (see ÝÑÒß 6, 242), as well as *Kyrc?a(n|) 'scab' (see ibid., 244-245).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kys-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 short 2 narrow 3 to squeezeface="Times New Roman Star"1 êîðîòêèé 2 óçêèé 3 ñäàâëèâàòüface="Times New Roman Star"qysg|a (Orkh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"qys- 3 (MK, KB), qysyg| 2 (MK), qysqa 1 (KB), qysg|a 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kysa 1, kys- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1, qys- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1 (Abush.), qys- (MA)face="Times New Roman Star"qisqa 1face="Times New Roman Star"qisqa 1face="Times New Roman Star"GysGa, qysGa 1face="Times New Roman Star"Gysa 1face="Times New Roman Star"GysGa 1, Gys- 3face="Times New Roman Star"xysxa 1, xys- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1
face="Times New Roman Star"x@z@k 2, x@s- 4face="Times New Roman Star"kyhaj- 3face="Times New Roman Star"kyhalga 'straits, sorrow' ( = Yak. kyhalga)face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1, qy's- 4, qyzy: 2face="Times New Roman Star"qy'sqa 1, qy's- 4face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1face="Times New Roman Star"qysxa 1face="Times New Roman Star"qysa 1face="Times New Roman Star"qsyqa 1face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1face="Times New Roman Star"qysGa 1
face="Times New Roman Star"PT *Kys-ga 'short' is derived from PT *Kys- 'to press, squeeze'. See VEWT 267, EDT 665-7, ÝÑÒß 6, 251-253, Stachowski 167.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyl/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"winterface="Times New Roman Star"çèìàface="Times New Roman Star"qys? (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qys? (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kys?face="Times New Roman Star"qys?face="Times New Roman Star"qys? (AH, Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"qis?face="Times New Roman Star"qis?face="Times New Roman Star"qysface="Times New Roman Star"Gys?face="Times New Roman Star"Gys?face="Times New Roman Star"xysface="Times New Roman Star"qys?face="Times New Roman Star"qys?face="Times New Roman Star"qys?face="Times New Roman Star"x@lface="Times New Roman Star"kys, kyhynface="Times New Roman Star"kyhynface="Times New Roman Star"qy`s?
face="Times New Roman Star"qys?face="Times New Roman Star"qysface="Times New Roman Star"qysface="Times New Roman Star"qys?face="Times New Roman Star"qys?face="Times New Roman Star"qys?face="Times New Roman Star"qys?face="Times New Roman Star"qys
face="Times New Roman Star"qys?face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 670, VEWT 268, TMN 3, 479, Ëåêñèêà 75-76, ÝÑÒß 6, 253-254, Stachowski 167-168.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kybface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 luck, happiness 2 to be happy, enjoyface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñ÷àñòüå 2 áûòü ñ÷àñòëèâûì, ðàäîâàòüñÿ, ïðåäàâàòüñÿ óäîâîëüñòâèÿìface="Times New Roman Star"qyv 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyv 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kywan- 2, kyv 1 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"quan- 2face="Times New Roman Star"quvan- 2 (Áîð. Áàä.)face="Times New Roman Star"quvo|n- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qo 1
face="Times New Roman Star"Guwan- 2



face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|van- (dial.)



face="Times New Roman Star"quban- 2face="Times New Roman Star"quvan- 2face="Times New Roman Star"quvan- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qywan- 2face="Times New Roman Star"quvan- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"quvan- 2face="Times New Roman Star"quvan- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"quvan- 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 268, EDT 579, ÝÑÒß 6, 99-101, Clark 1977, 146.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:r/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 girl 2 womanface="Times New Roman Star"1 äåâóøêà 2 æåíùèíàface="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"kyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 (Pav. C., MA)face="Times New Roman Star"qiz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qiz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qys 1face="Times New Roman Star"Gyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"Gy:z 1face="Times New Roman Star"xys 1face="Times New Roman Star"qys 1face="Times New Roman Star"qys 1
face="Times New Roman Star"x@r 1, x@r-(arúm) 2face="Times New Roman Star"ky:s 1face="Times New Roman Star"ky:s 1face="Times New Roman Star"qys 1face="Times New Roman Star"qys 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyd| 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 269, TMN 3, 569-70, EDT 679-80, Ëåêñèêà 295, 318, ÝÑÒß 6, 190-191, Stachowski 172. For PT one should reconstruct variants *ky:r//*ky:r (they are reflected in several derivatives, e.g. *Ky:r-kyn, see Ëåêñèêà 317-318, ÝÑÒß 6, 237, *Kyr-nak, see TMN 3, 456, ÝÑÒß 6, 240).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:r/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"redface="Times New Roman Star"êðàñíûéface="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"kyzylface="Times New Roman Star"qyzylface="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl (MA)face="Times New Roman Star"qizilface="Times New Roman Star"qizilface="Times New Roman Star"qizilface="Times New Roman Star"Gyzylface="Times New Roman Star"Gyzylface="Times New Roman Star"xyzylface="Times New Roman Star"qyzylface="Times New Roman Star"qyzylface="Times New Roman Star"qyzylface="Times New Roman Star"x@rl@face="Times New Roman Star"kyhylface="Times New Roman Star"kyhylface="Times New Roman Star"qyzylface="Times New Roman Star"qyzylface="Times New Roman Star"qyzylface="Times New Roman Star"qyzylface="Times New Roman Star"qyzylface="Times New Roman Star"qyd|ylface="Times New Roman Star"qyzylface="Times New Roman Star"qyzylface="Times New Roman Star"qyzylface="Times New Roman Star"qyzylface="Times New Roman Star"Gyzilface="Times New Roman Star"qyzylface="Times New Roman Star"PT *Kyr/-yl 'red' is derived from *Ky:r/- 'to redden; glow' (Turkm. Gyz-, Tur. kyz- etc.), where length is witnessed by Yak. ky:s-. One has to assume shortening in polysyllabic derivatives (besides *Kyr/yl also *Kyr/-yk-, *Kyr/l-ar-), with secondary analogical shortening in Turkm. Gyz-; see VEWT 269, EDT 681, 683-4, TMN 3, 469, Ëåêñèêà 602-603, ÝÑÒß 6, 187-189, 194-196, Stachowski 167. Cf. also *Ky:r 'grey' (VEWT 265, TMN 3, 567, ÝÑÒß 6, 229-230).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Koc?face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"ramface="Times New Roman Star"áàðàíface="Times New Roman Star"qoc?qar, qoc?un|ar (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?n|ar (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"koc?, koc?karface="Times New Roman Star"quc?qar (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?, qoc?qar (AH, Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"g|o|c? (dial.), qo.c?qarface="Times New Roman Star"qoc?qa(r), qos?qa(r)face="Times New Roman Star"quz?g|arface="Times New Roman Star"Goc?face="Times New Roman Star"Goc?, Goc?Gar

face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?qorface="Times New Roman Star"Goc?


face="Times New Roman Star"qos?qar
face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?qorface="Times New Roman Star"qos?qarface="Times New Roman Star"qos?qarface="Times New Roman Star"qus?qarface="Times New Roman Star"qocxarface="Times New Roman Star"qoc?face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?, qoc?qar, qoc?xarface="Times New Roman Star"g|os?, qos?qarface="Times New Roman Star"qos?qor, qos?qurface="Times New Roman Star"qoc?qarface="Times New Roman Star"Ëåêñèêà 432, TMN 3, 539, 540-541, EDT 592, ÝÑÒß 6, 87-88. Turk. > Hung. kos, see Gombocz 1912; Russ. dial. koc?ko/r, koc?ka/r/, see Àíèêèí 308, 309.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kod-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"to put, leave, abandonface="Times New Roman Star"êëàñòü, îñòàâëÿòü, ïîêèäàòüface="Times New Roman Star"qod- (Yen., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qod|- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"koj-face="Times New Roman Star"quj-face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- (AH, Pav. C., Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo.j-face="Times New Roman Star"qoj-face="Times New Roman Star"quz-face="Times New Roman Star"Goj-face="Times New Roman Star"Goj-

face="Times New Roman Star"qoj-
face="Times New Roman Star"xor-



face="Times New Roman Star"qoj-face="Times New Roman Star"qoj-face="Times New Roman Star"qoj-face="Times New Roman Star"quj-face="Times New Roman Star"qoj-face="Times New Roman Star"qoj-face="Times New Roman Star"qoj-face="Times New Roman Star"qoj-
face="Times New Roman Star"qoj-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 274, EDT 595-596, ÝÑÒß 6, 27-28, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 361. The original meaning (observable in most ancient occurrences, see EDT 595) must have been 'to put aside, leave, abandon'; the meaning 'put' appears somewhat later and is probably due to a merger with *Ko- 'to put' (v. sub *ga), not attested before the XIVth century.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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